Time problems in land processes

Some Land Surveying Problems

It is not probable that many of you would be interested in the academic presentation of a method for finding the area of a given polygon, as you each have a system of your own which is probably mathematically acceptable. However, I might take the liberty of citing to you pages 300 and 301 in Engineering Surveys, Elementary and Applied, by Rubey, Lommel, Todd, where you will find a good discussi...

Investigation of the process of land cover change using metrics and land change processes in Gorganrood watershed

Aims and Background: The present study purpose to investigate and predict the changes of metrics and Landscape change processes in the Gorganrood watershed in Golestan province.  Methodology: First, land cover maps were prepared in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Then predict land cover changes for future conditions, under two scenarios (1) continuation of the current trend of change for 2040 and (...

Infinite Horizon Discrete Time Control Problems for Bounded Processes

We establish Pontryagin Maximum Principles in the strong form for infinite horizon optimal control problems for bounded processes, for systems governed by difference equations. Results due to Ioffe and Tihomirov are among the tools used to prove our theorems. We write necessary conditions with weakened hypotheses of concavity and without invertibility, and we provide new results on the adjoint ...

Solved Problems in Random Processes

On $L_1$-weak ergodicity of nonhomogeneous continuous-time Markov‎ ‎processes

‎In the present paper we investigate the $L_1$-weak ergodicity of‎ ‎nonhomogeneous continuous-time Markov processes with general state‎ ‎spaces‎. ‎We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for such‎ ‎processes to satisfy the $L_1$-weak ergodicity‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎we apply‎ ‎the obtained results to establish $L_1$-weak ergodicity of quadratic‎ ‎stochastic processes‎.